Introduction: Invasive fungal sinusitis is a potentially lethal infection inimmunocompromisedpatients, with a reported incidence of around 2%. Neutropenia due to aplastic anemia or secondary to chemotherapy is the main cause of acute invasive fungal sinusitis.Case Presentation: We present the case of a 6-month-old boy with hem ophagocytic syndrome. During the follow-up for fever and pancytopenia at the medical faculty hospital of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, the patient developed discoloration and black crusting of the NASAL columella. Antifungal medical treatment and biopsy were recommended owing to the suspicion of invasive fungal infection. The premaxilla, NASAL columella, and NASAL cartilages were necrotic. Medical and surgical treatments were performed to prevent the spread of infection. After controlling the underlying immunosuppression, NASAL reconstruction was advised.Conclusions: Invasive fungal sinoNASAL disease is a rare clinical phenomenon in immunocompromised patients. Although it is associated with high mortality rates, it can be successfully managed with a combination of surgical and medical treatments.

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is a major cause of mortality among premature neonates. The present study was conducted to find out whether early NASAL CPAP therapy could eliminate the need for mechanical ventilation in premature neonates with RDS.Materials and methods: For this clinical trial, premature neonates with RDS during the first 6 hours following the delivery were assigned in either case or control group. Case group received early treatment with NASAL CPAP, however, standard treatments were applied for controls based on arterial blood gas analysis.Results: Totally, 25 cases and 22 controls with the mean gestational age of 31.3±2.6 weeks and weight of 1621±540 gr. Totally, 68% of controls versus 40.9% of cases died (p=0.06). However, 80% of controls and 36.4% of cases required mechanical ventilation (p=0.006) that lasted averagely 2.9±2.6 days for controls and 0.68±1.3 days for cases (p=0.0009). Surfactant was injected in 48% of controls and 9.1% of cases (p=0.009). Finally, pneumothorax occurrence, oxygen therapy, and duration of hospitalization in NICU did not significantly differ between groups.Conclusions: Early therapy with NASAL CPAP could eliminate the need for mechanical ventilation, and surfactant in premature neonates with RDS. Thus, application of NASAL CPAP in centers lack NICU and respirator is strongly suggested.

BACKGROUND: Unlike congenital auricular malformations which are identified by underdevelopment of dermal and cartilaginous tissues, deformed ears are less sever congenital anomalies characterized only by a misshaped pinna structure and can be improved with acceptable cosmetic results and minimal cost through ear molding if treated in early neonatal period. In this study, authors present the first report of using splinting techniques for treatment of deformational auricular anomalies in Iranian children.METHODS: Our case load consisted of a series of 29 patients (Male=16, Female=13) who were referred to Plastic Surgery Unit of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from September 2011 to December 2014. Children aged more than 6 moths were excluded.Twenty-nine children affected by various DEFORMITIES including prominent ears (n=11), lop ears (n=8) and constricted ears (n=10) were treated by splintage as a nonsurgical technique. The mean time of treatment was 13.33±2 weeks.RESULTS: Eight (27.6%) patients did not complete the treatment. Splinting resulted in excellent or satisfactory results in 12 (57.14%) of treated cases. No improvement was observed at the end of the molding treatment in 9 patients. No complication was observed during the treatment in any of the patients.CONCLUSION: The nonsurgical molding can be used as an effective approach for achieving natural outcomes and correcting cosmetic abnormalities. Rate of satisfaction is dependent on type of deformity, the neonatal age in which treatment started and also parents’ adherence to treatment methods and principals.Concerning: the low rate of complications and high satisfactory results the method can be used instead of surgery in appropriate cases.